What is radiation therapy?

Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses ionizing radiation to destroy cancer cells or stop them from growing. Unlike chemotherapy, which travels through the entire body, radiation therapy works locally, targeting the specific area where the tumor is located.

The main goal is to damage the DNA of cancer cells so they can’t continue multiplying. Over time, the body naturally eliminates these damaged cells.

When is radiation therapy used?

Radiation therapy can be used at different stages of treatment, depending on the type and stage of the cancer:

• Curative intent: to completely eliminate the tumor.
• Adjuvant treatment: after surgery, to reduce the risk of the cancer coming back.
• Neoadjuvant treatment: before surgery, to shrink the tumor.
• Palliative treatment: when the goal is to relieve symptoms such as pain, bleeding, or pressure on organs.

Types of radiation therapy

There are several ways to deliver radiation therapy, depending on the patient’s condition and the location of the tumor:

1. External beam radiation therapy

The most common form. Radiation is delivered from a machine called a linear accelerator that directs beams at the tumor. The procedure is painless and you are not radioactive afterward.

2. Brachytherapy (internal radiation)

This involves placing radioactive material directly inside or near the tumor. It’s used for certain cancers like prostate, breast, or gynecological cancers. It may require anesthesia or a short hospital stay.

3. Intraoperative or contact radiation

In some cases, radiation is applied directly to the tumor bed during surgery.

What will I feel during treatment?

Radiation therapy is not painful while it’s being delivered. Each session usually lasts between 10 and 20 minutes, and the total number of sessions varies from 1 to 30 or more, depending on the treatment plan.

Most side effects appear gradually and depend on the area treated. Common examples include:

• Skin redness or irritation (similar to sunburn)
• Fatigue
• Appetite loss
• Localized discomfort (e.g., trouble swallowing if the neck is treated)

These side effects are usually temporary and manageable. Your oncology team will provide guidance to help minimize them.

Is radiation therapy safe?

Yes. Thanks to modern technology and precise planning, radiation therapy is safe, accurate, and personalized. Each treatment is carefully designed to maximize its effect on the tumor while protecting healthy tissues.

New systems also allow us to verify your position daily before each session, ensuring that the radiation hits the exact target.

What should I expect before starting?

Before beginning treatment, you will go through:

• A consultation to review the objectives.
• A simulation session to define your ideal position and treatment area.
• A personalized plan, developed by radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and technologists.

It’s important that you ask any questions you may have. Your care team is here to support you.

In summary

Radiation therapy is a vital tool in cancer treatment. It is effective, well-tolerated, and highly precise. Understanding what it is and what to expect can ease anxiety and improve your experience.

If you have questions about your specific case, talk to your radiation oncologist. The best decisions are made with clear information and trusted guidance.

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