Why Finishing Radiotherapy Without Breaks Is So Important in Head and Neck Cancer

In Radiation Oncology, consistency is everything. Radiotherapy aims to destroy cancer cells while protecting healthy tissue. But when treatment is interrupted or delayed, tumor cells can start growing again, reducing the chance of cure.

A study published in the Bengal Journal of Cancer analyzed the effects of unscheduled treatment gaps in patients with head and neck cancer. Researchers from King George’s Medical University in India reviewed real-life cases during the COVID-19 pandemic, when lockdowns, transport restrictions, and hospital access issues made it difficult for many patients to continue treatment on time.

They found that even a few missed days can reduce local tumor control by up to 1–1.5% per day because of accelerated tumor repopulation—the rapid regrowth of cancer cells once radiation is paused. To offset these effects, radiation oncologists use mathematical models such as the linear-quadratic model and calculate the biologically effective dose (BED) to safely adjust treatment schedules or dose per fraction. However, these adjustments require great care, as excessive dosing can increase the risk of side effects in sensitive organs like the spinal cord or salivary glands.

In countries like Costa Rica, where radiotherapy services are concentrated in specialized centers and patients often travel long distances for treatment, this study highlights the importance of ensuring treatment continuity. Team coordination, hospital flexibility, and transportation support are critical to prevent unplanned interruptions.

The authors emphasize that the best solution is prevention: avoid treatment gaps whenever possible. For patients, the key message is simple—never miss a radiotherapy session without speaking to your oncology team. Every fraction matters. Completing the course as planned gives the highest chance of cure and reflects the precision and dedication that define modern Radiation Oncology in Costa Rica and worldwide.